Under Carolingian rule The Limes Saxoniae border between the Saxons and the Slavic Obotrites, established about 810 The division of the Carolingian Empire, Treaty of Verdun, 843 Meanwhile, formerly Germanic areas in Eastern Europe and present-day Eastern Germany, were settled by Slavs. In and after World War II (1944–1950), Germans were driven out and deported to rump Germany from the East and their language and culture were lost in most areas (including the German-dominated lands which Germany lost after this war) in which German people had settled during the Ostsiedlung except part of Eastern Austria and especially Eastern Germany.ĭuring the 4th and 5th centuries, in what is known as the Migration Period, Germanic peoples seized control of the decaying Western Roman Empire in the South and established new kingdoms within it. The Germans in the East outside Germany and Austria were not expelled and the regions that Germany and Austria lost in the East were dominated by non-German peoples, so the German loss here was not as severe as after World War II. After World War I (1914–1918), the fact that Germany and Austria lost part of their territories in the East appeared as a counterpoint to Ostsiedlung because some of the Germans in the East became foreign citizens when their homes were no longer part of Germany and Austria. In the 20th century, accounts of the Ostsiedlung were heavily exploited by German nationalists (including the Nazi movement) to press the territorial claims of Germany and to demonstrate supposed German superiority over non-Germanic peoples, whose cultural, urban and scientific achievements in that era were undermined, rejected, or presented as German. The legal, cultural, linguistic, religious and economic changes caused by the movement had a profound influence on the history of Eastern Central Europe between the Baltic Sea and the Carpathians until the 20th century. The Ostsiedlung is considered to have been a purely Medieval event as it ended in the beginning of the 14th century. The military territorial conquests and punitive expeditions of the Ottonian and Salian emperors during the 11th and 12th centuries do not form part of the Ostsiedlung, as these actions didn't result in any noteworthy settlement establishment east of the Elbe and Saale rivers. Larger treks of settlers, which included scholars, monks, missionaries, craftsmen and artisans, often invited, in numbers unverifiable, first moved eastwards during the mid-12th century. Smaller groups of migrants first moved to the east during the early Middle Ages. Many settlers were encouraged and invited by the local princes and regional lords, who sometimes even expelled the indigenous populations to make room for German settlers. The majority of Ostsiedlung settlers moved individually, in independent efforts, in multiple stages and on different routes. In a pan-European intensification process from the Carolingian-Anglo-Saxon core countries to the periphery of the continent, societies progressed in culture, religion, law and administration, trade and agriculture. Since the 1980s, historians have interpreted the Ostsiedlung as a part of a civil and social development, termed the High Middle Age Land Consolidation ( German: Hochmittelalterlicher Landesausbau). The Ostsiedlung encompassed multiple modern and historical regions such as Germany east of the Saale and Elbe rivers, the states of Lower Austria and Styria in Austria, Livonia, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Hungary, and Transylvania in Romania. Other regions were also settled, though not as heavily. Generally sparsely and in some inland areas only relatively recently populated by Slavic, Baltic and Finnic peoples, the most settled area was known as Germania Slavica. ![]() Ostsiedlung ( German pronunciation:, literally "East settlement") is the term for the Early Medieval and High Medieval migration of ethnic Germans into the territories in the eastern part of Francia, East Francia, and the Holy Roman Empire and beyond and the consequences for settlement development and social structures in the areas of settlement. Stages of German eastern settlement in pink and three shades of green the black line represents the border of the Holy Roman Empire (Germany) according to the 1348 Treaty of Namysłów
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